全港唯一2016至2024 DSE ECON 5**九連霸,2024DSE以100%滿分奪5**蟬聯分皇。四年高中經濟科全級第一、自中五開始校內全級第一,CE, AL ECON 取得A級成績。大學畢業於頂尖學府CUHK Business School (中大商學院)。
10年補習經驗,曾教授DSE學生人數超過3000,多於35%L5*/5**,3位狀元御用之師,有自修生由Lv2升至Lv5*;Lv3升至Lv5**。媒體訪問,學界考試專家,南華早報訪問Patrick有關ECON備戰策略及DSE試後評價試卷內容。掌握最可靠的考評局真實改卷、官方評分方針,設計教育局DSE ECON補充練習,製作電子教材。中大商學院「青年經濟學人計劃」演講,引導學生就經濟議題討論。
教授MC秘殺技、Paper 2滿分作答結構。配套設有最完善的中英對照筆記、獨一無二Question Bank及Future Paper 助學生奪星。
其實當年AL 2004/2B/1b已經問CPI vs GDP deflator的異同,marking出了定義,為現在的DSE相關題目提供了參考。同學也應該要清楚兩個量度物價指標,以作考試更好準備。
CPI消費物價指數 • price index which uses fixed weights (固定加權) of goods in some specified consumption basket according to people’s expenditure pattern in the base year • 特定消費籃子內各種物品的固定加權是根據人們基年的支出模式而定。
GDP deflator本地生產總值平減物價指數 • price index which uses variable weights (可變加權) of goods in the GDP basket according to the domestic production pattern in the current year • 本地生產總值籃子內各種物品的可變加權是根據當年本地生產模式而定。 https://www.instagram.com/dseecon/
Max Change in Deposit 最大存款改變 = -100/20% = -$500 Max Change in Loan最大貸款改變 = Max Change in Deposit最大存款改變 Change in Reserve 儲備改變 = -500 -(-100) = -$400 ($100中最多有$80本來是可借金額,現在要call back 共$400 loan, -80/20% = -$400)
Max Change in Ms 最大貨幣供應改變 = Change in Cash 現金改變 + Max Change in Deposit最大存款改變 = +100 + (-500) = -$400
改篇自DSE 2013/1/12 An increase in the price for good X will lead to an increase in the price of good Y if 物品X的價格下降會導致物品Y的價格下降,若 (3) good X and good Y are in competitive supply. 物品X與物品Y是競爭供應。 (4) good X and good Y are in joint supply. 物品X與物品Y是聯合供應。
究竟是(3)還是(4)? (是生還是死XD)
當題目出到如此理論化的時間,用一個記住了的例子處理會較方便。所以又是講故事的時間:
故事發生在Good X 牛肉的價格上升,因為可以賣貴一點,令作為供應商的殺多左牛,好殘忍。多了牛牛被殺,d皮會點? Good Y牛皮的供應會上升。
這就是Joint Supply聯合供應的生活例子。
然後題目說Good X 的價格P上升,Good Y的價格P上升。令Good Y的價格上升的前一步是Good Y供應要上升。完全同不符合例子的方向,所以不是(4) Joint Supply聯合供應,是(3) Competitive Supply競爭供應。
Deadweight loss is the loss in total social surplus or the potential gains that are not fully captured when marginal benefit differs from marginal cost.
淨損失是指邊際利益和邊際成本不相等時,引致的總社會盈餘的損失或未能全部攝取的潛在得益。
然而要清concept,當然有兩個情況: 1. MB > MC (Underproduction 生產不足) • DWL淨損失 = potential gains not fully captured 未能全部攝取的潛在得益 • Price Ceiling價格上限、Floor下限、Quota配額、Unit Tax從量稅等市場干預下,都會出現Underproduction 生產不足。 • 另外就是有External Benefit界外利益 (divergence between private and social benefits)時出現的Deadweight Loss淨損失。
2. MC > MB (Overproduction 生產過剩) • DWL淨損失 = loss in Total Social Surplus (TSS) 總社會盈餘的損失 • Unit Subsidy從量津貼的市場干預下,都會出現Overproduction生產過剩。 • 另外就是有External Cost界外成本 (divergence between private and social cost)時出現的Deadweight Loss淨損失。
題目很多時候會考這兩概念的分別,在此送上: DSE 2014/1/12 In which of the following pairs does the demand for the first good create a derived demand for the second one? A. Aviation service and pilots B. West Rail Line train service and Light Rail train service C. Blu-ray discs and Blu-ray disc players D. Hong Kong Disneyland and Ocean Park Hong Kong
下列哪一對物品中,第一項的需求會衍生第二項物品的引申需求? A. 航空服務及機師 B. 西鐵線列車服務及輕鐵列車服務 C. 藍光(Blueray)光碟及藍光光碟影碟機 D. 香港迪士尼樂園和香港海洋公園
而同學問的,應該是depreciation of domestic currency ($D)本國貨幣眨值對NX及AD的影響,這是非物價的其他因素,是shift的concept,亦涉及international trade and finance國際貿易與金融一課將會學到的exchange rate 匯率分析,當中認清以本國還是外國表示是關鍵。
$D dep 貶值,我地export value 出口總額 (X) 影響先要睇Px, Qx: • Px (in terms of $D以本國貨幣計算)不變,但外國人換我們貨幣去買我們東西時會平左,Px (in terms of $F以外國貨幣計算)下降。 • Qx (Export volume) 出口量上升。 • Value of Expert 出口總額 (X) (in terms of $D以本國貨幣計算)上升,無須假設elasticity (因為Px ($D)不變,Qx 上升) • 出口貨品的圖是(in terms of $D以本國貨幣計算),因為Px ($D)不變,而Px ($F)下降(非Px ($D)的其他因素),是Demand需求改變,不用看elasticity 彈性,因為D上升Export Value出口總額 (X)一定會上升。 • 這就是DSE ECON 2014/Paper 2/Q11考到的東西。
而成件事,另一面亦可用外國貨幣表示: • $D dep 貶值,Px (in terms of $F以外國貨幣計算)下降 • Qx (Export volume) 出口量上升 • 一升一跌,Value of Expert 出口總額 (X) (in terms of $F以外國貨幣計算)要看elasticity彈性, • 出口貨品的圖(in terms of $F以外國貨幣計算),會顯示一個需求量Qd改變的concept,係movement,不是D shift,亦要看elasticity彈性。
DSE ECON 2014/Paper 2/Q12 這題主要講日本Central bank purchase bonds from the public中央銀行在公開市場買債,想透過expansionary monetary policy擴張性貨幣政策去刺激已死的經濟XD
(a) Central bank purchase bonds中央銀行買債會如何影響Monetary Base貨幣基礎(M0)? (b) Describe信貸創造credit creation個process。信貸創造Credit creation會否further增加 Monetary Base貨幣基礎(M0)? (c) 考ASAD問Short run 短期對整體經濟Y, P的影響。
(a) • Increase M0 增加貨幣基礎。 • Monetary Base貨幣基礎 = (R)Reserve held by banks銀行儲備+ (Cp)Cash held by non-bank public 非銀行公眾持有的現金 • Central bank purchase bonds from the public在公開市場買債會增加R,M0升。
(b) • A new deposit in any bank will first give excess reserves to the bank. The bank will use the excess reserves for loans. Since there is no cash leakage, the new loans will be re-deposited into the banking system. New loans will become new deposits and new deposits create new excess reserves. New excess reserves will be used for loans again. The process goes on and on.好悶=.= • 信貸創造credit creation這個process並不影響M0,只影響D及Ms。
Part (a) 是源自CE 2006/1/2a;Part (b)的問法是源自CE 2001/1/10d。
HKCEE 2006/1/2a Steven is choosing between studying law or medicine at a university to pave way for his future career. Explain whether his cost of choosing to study law at a university would be affected if (a) the expected salary of jobs in the legal services sector falls. (2 marks)
(a) 因為係change in value of chosen option選擇選項(做AO)的價值改變(並非做會計trainee的價值改變),好明顯唔會影響機會成本啦。
HKCEE 2001/1/10d Paul’s order of preference of using his money is shown below: First preference : purchase of gold coins Second preference : savings in banks Third preference : investment in stocks (d) Suppose an interest tax is imposed on bank deposits. Explain whether Paul’s opportunity cost of purchasing gold coins would change. (4 marks)
HKCEE 2001/1/10d係highest value option value下降(要假設是否跌到低於3rd option的value),DSE 2014/2/1b是3rd option的value上升(要假設是否升到高於highest value option的value),原理是一樣的。 (b) 增加unemployment benefit失業援助金會增加繼續搵工的Value (繼續失業) 若繼續搵工的Value > 做會計的Value,繼續搵工就會變左highest-valued option forgone最高價值放棄選項 Cost of AO升 https://www.instagram.com/dseecon/
Deflationary (output) gap A. will be widened when there is a depreciation of the domestic currency. B. will be eliminated by a rightward shift of the aggregate demand curve when the market adjusts from short run equilibrium to long run equilibrium. C. will result in a downward pressure on the prices of inputs. D. will exist if the aggregate demand falls short of the short run aggregate supply.
下列哪項有關通縮(產出)差距的陳述是正確的? A. 當本國貨幣眨值,通縮(產出)差距會擴闊。 B. 當市場由短期均衡調整到長期均衡,總需求線的向右移動會抵銷通縮(產出)差距。 C. 通縮(產出)差距會引致投入的價格有下調壓力。 D. 若總需求小於短期總供應,通縮(產出)差距會出現。